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The independence of Bangladesh was declared on 26 March 1971 at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War, when the Pakistan Army launched a genocide against the people of East Pakistan. The declaration was made by Bengali nationalist leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose message was broadcast by M A Hannan and Ziaur Rahman; and widely circulated in the international press in late March 1971. On 17 April, the Provisional Government of Bangladesh issued a proclamation on the basis of the previous declaration and established an interim constitution for the independence movement. ==First declarations== On 25 March 1971, negotiations between Pakistani President Yahya Khan and Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman broke down after Khan refused to accept Rahman’s plan for a new federal constitution in Pakistan. Rahman’s party won an absolute majority in the National Assembly during Pakistan’s first free election in 1970. However, the newly elected parliament was barred from taking power due to objections from the Pakistani military and the West Pakistan establishment. The Awami League’s 6 points proposal for a Pakistani federation was strongly opposed by bureaucrats and senior politicians like Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in West Pakistan. The League initiated a civil disobedience campaign in East Pakistan to press for convening the parliament, amid rising Bengali aspirations for self-determination and independence. On 7 March 1971, Rahman addressed a huge pro-independence rally in Dhaka. Yahya Khan and Bhutto were in the city throughout March for negotiations. The political process was abruptly ended by President Khan, who faced pressure from the military for a crackdown.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sheikh Mujib )〕 In the evening of 25 March, Mujib convened a meeting of senior Bengali nationalist leaders, including Tajuddin Ahmad and Colonel M A G Osmani, at his residence in Dhanmondi. They were briefed by Bengali insiders within the military of an impending crackdown. The nationalist leaders decided to form a provisional government in exile in India and launch an armed struggle for independence. However, Mujib decided to remain in Dhaka and brave the looming crackdown, despite pleas by the others to join them in India. Bidding farewell to the leaders, Mujib said “I have given you independence. Now go and preserve it “.〔 At 10 pm on 25 March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched Operation Searchlight in the capital of East Pakistan. Tanks rolled out on the streets of Dhaka.〔https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=j9RongEACAAJ&dq=the+blood+telegram&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjW9eT-67rJAhVRCI4KHWGjCT8Q6AEIGjAA〕 The Pakistan Army massacred students and intellectuals in Dhaka University, as well as many civilians in other parts of the city.〔https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=j9RongEACAAJ&dq=the+blood+telegram&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjW9eT-67rJAhVRCI4KHWGjCT8Q6AEIGjAA〕 It set Hindu neighborhoods ablaze and crushed resistance from the police and the East Pakistan Rifles. At midnight, Mujib sent a wireless telegram to Chittagong instructing Awami League leaders to declare independence. The text of his telegram read:-〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Forum )〕 News of Mujib's declaration was picked up by American intelligence agencies and reported to the White House situation room.〔http://cbgr1971.org/files/Mar261971DecOfIndep/FinalDeclarationBSMR.pdf〕 The Pakistani military proceeded to arrest Mujib from his residence around 1 am.〔 At 2.30 pm on 26 March 1971, Awami League leader M A Hannan began broadcasting Mujib's declaration of independence over the Independent Bangladesh Radio Station in Chittagong, which was widely reported in the international press.〔http://cbgr1971.org/files/Mar261971DecOfIndep/FinalDeclarationBSMR.pdf〕〔http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2008/march/declaration.htm〕 The text of the declaration read:-〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Declaration of Independence )〕 On 27 March, Major Ziaur Rahman, the commander of the East Bengal Regiment in Chittagong, broadcast two declarations on behalf of Sheikh Mujib.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mujib and the Declaration of Independence )〕 In the first one, he declared himself as temporary Head of the Republic. A K Khan intervened and drafted a second declaration for Zia, which was read again over Independent Bangladesh Radio.〔 It read the following:- Zia's broadcasts were picked by a Japanese ship anchored in Chittagong Port and transmitted to Radio Australia.〔 ==Constituent Assembly== On 17 April 1971, the Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed in Mujibnagar. It converted the elected Bengali members of the national and provincial assemblies of Pakistan into the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh. The constituent assembly issued a second proclamation of independence, which also served as the fundamental law of Bangladesh until the adoption of the constitution in 1972. The text is given in the following:-〔http://www.docstrangelove.com/uploads/1971/sbbk/documents/Proclamation%201971_M_Dalil_Vol_03_MMR.pdf〕 ==See also== *Flag of Bangladesh 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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